BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

Cases and materials on international law / Dixon, Martin ; McCorquodale, Robert. - 3. ed.., xxxvi, 653 p.. - London : Blackstone, 2000.

ISBN 1-85431-880-2

LANGUAGE: ENG

ABSTRACT: The nature and sources of international law: the relevance of international law; the international community and international law; theories of international law. Part 2 : International law and national law: general theories; statute of the International Court of Justice; treaties; custom - general considerations, local custom, persistent objector, the relationship of custom and treaty law; general principles of law; judicial decisions and the writings of publicists; resolutions of international organizations; soft law. Part 3 : The law of treaties: definition of a treaty - general definition of a treaty, unilateral statements, pacta sunt servanda; Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 1969 - general principles, customary international law; formation and application of treaties - formation, entry into force, impact on third states; reservations to treaties - general principles, the legal effect of reservations, reservations to human rights treaties; interpretation of treaties; invalidity of treaties

INDEX WORDS:
* ICJ = ICJ = ICJ
* rättsfall/rättspraxis = cases/case law = oikeustapaukset/oikeuskäytäntö
* rådgivande yttrande = advisory opinion = neuvoa-antava mielipide
* utlänningar = aliens/non-citizens = ulkomaalaiset
* självförsvar = self-defence = itsepuolustus
* WTO = WTO = WTO
* sedvanerätt = customary law = tapaoikeus
* fredlig lösning av tvister = dispute settlement = riitaisuuksien rauhanomainen selvittäminen
* miljöskydd = environmental protection = ympäristönsuojelu
* globalisering = globalization = globalisaatio
* växthuseffekt = greenhouse effect = kasvihuoneilmiö
* FN:s folkrättskommission = International Law Commission (ILC) = kansainvälisen oikeuden toimikunta
* kärnvapenprov = nuclear test = ydinkoe
* nationalitet = nationality = kansallisuus
* internationell sedvanerätt = customary international law = kansainvälinen tapaoikeus
* OAU = OAU = OAU
* internationella tribunalen för krigsförbrytelser = international tribunal on war crimes (ICTY and ICTR) = kansainvälinen sotarikostuomioistuin
* självbestämmanderätt = self-determination = itsemääräämisoikeus
* suveränitet = sovereignty = suvereniteetti
* statsansvar = state responsibility = valtiovastuu
* terrorism = terrorism = terrorismi
* CESCR Committee = CESCR Committee = CESCR Committee
* UNDP = UNDP = UNDP
* UNESCO = UNESCO = UNESCO
* WHO = WHO = WHO
* Världsbanken = World Bank = Maailmanpankki
* internationella brottmålsdomstolen = international criminal court (ICC) = kansainvälinen rikostuomioistuin
* kommittén för de mänskliga rättigheterna = Human Rights Committee (UN) = ihmisoikeuskomitea

NOTE (GENERAL): AMR; ACHPR; Vienna convention on the law of treaties; UN charter; Geneva conventions; Genocide convention; ECHR; European convention on state immunity; Helsinki final act; ICCPR; ICESCR;

URL http://www.oup.co.uk/isbn/1-85431-880-2

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

The United Nations system : toward international justice / White, Nigel, xi, 335 p.. - Boulder : Lynne Rienner, 2002.

ISBN 1-58826-070-4

LANGUAGE: ENG

ABSTRACT: Contents:. PART 1 : THE LEGAL NATURE OF THE UN. 1. A UN System. 2. Evolutionary Elements of the Legal Order. 3. The UN's Values. PART 2 : THE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK. 4. The Political Organs: Power and Accountability. 5. The Legal Organs: Accountability and the Rule of Law. PART 3 : IMPLEMENTATION AND PROTECTION. 6. Peace and Security. 7. Support for Democracy. 8. International Criminal Justice. 9. Human Rights. 10. The Environment. 11. Economic and Development Matters. 12. Summary and Conclusion

INDEX WORDS:
* CRC Committee = CRC Committee = CRC Committee
* CESCR Committee = CESCR Committee = CESCR Committee
* ECJ = ECJ = ECJ
* EU = EU = EU
* europeiska domstolen för de mänskliga rättigheterna = European Court of Human Rights = Euroopan ihmisoikeustuomioistuin
* GATT/WTO = GATT/WTO = GATT/WTO
* kommittén för de mänskliga rättigheterna = Human Rights Committee (UN) = ihmisoikeuskomitea
* internationella brottmålsdomstolen = international criminal court (ICC) = kansainvälinen rikostuomioistuin
* FN:s folkrättskommission = International Law Commission (ILC) = kansainvälisen oikeuden toimikunta
* terrorism = terrorism = terrorismi
* ICJ = ICJ = ICJ
* rättsfall/rättspraxis = cases/case law = oikeustapaukset/oikeuskäytäntö
* NIEO = NIEO = UKTJ
* fattigdom = poverty = köyhyys
* flyktingar = refugees = pakolaiset
* PCIJ = PCIJ = PCIJ
* rasdiskriminering = racial discrimination = rotusyrjintä
* internationella tribunalen för krigsförbrytelser = international tribunal on war crimes (ICTR) = kansainvälinen sotarikostuomioistuin
* apartheid = apartheid = rotusorto
* CAT Committee = CAT Committee = CAT Committee
* tortyr = torture = kidutus
* Säkerhetsrådet = Security Council = Turvallisuusneuvosto
* veto = veto = veto
* CEDAW Committee = CEDAW Committee = CEDAW Committee
* Världsbanken = World Bank = Maailmanpankki
* UNESCO = UNESCO = UNESCO
* UNHCR = UNHCR = UNHCR
* WHO = WHO = WHO
* WTO = WTO = WTO
* IMF = IMF = IMF
* hållbar utveckling = sustainable development = kestävä kehitys

NOTE (GENERAL): UN charter; Biological diversity convention; Agenda 21; Chicago convention; CRC; Friendly relations declaration; Geneva conventions; Genocide convention; Convention concerning the indigenous and tribal peoples in independent countries (ILO convention no. 169); Vienna convention on the law of treaties; Vienna declaration on human rights; UDHR;

URL http://www.rienner.com/viewbook.cfm?BOOKID=1271&search=united%20nations%20system

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

Religion, beliefs and international human rights / Lerner, Natan, xii, 183 p.. - Atlanta, Georgia : Law and Religion Program at Emory University, 2000.

ISBN 1-57075-301-6

LANGUAGE: ENG

ABSTRACT: CONTENTS: 1. Religious human rights under the United Nations. 2. Regional protection of religious human rights. 3. Protecting religious groups from persecution and incitement. 4. Proselytism and change of religion.

INDEX WORDS:
* abort = abortion = abortti
* afrikanska kommissionen för människans och folkens rättigheter = African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights = Afrikan ihmisoikeustoimikunta
* hädelse = blasphemy = herjaus
* barn = children = lapset
* CESCR Committee = CESCR Committee = CESCR Committee
* OSSE = OSCE = ETYJ
* folkmord = genocide = kansanmurha
* diskriminering = discrimination = syrjintä
* etnisk rensning = ethnic cleansing = etninen puhdistus
* europeiska domstolen för de mänskliga rättigheterna = European Court of Human Rights = Euroopan ihmisoikeustuomioistuin
* religionsfrihet = freedom of religion = uskonnonvapaus
* könsdiskriminering = gender discrimination = sukupuolisyrjintä
* urfolk = indigenous peoples = alkuperäiskansat
* interamerikanska domstolen för de mänskliga rättigheterna = Inter-American Court of Human Rights = inter-amerikkalainen ihmisoikeustuomioistuin
* ICJ = ICJ = ICJ
* ILO = ILO = ILO
* islam = Islam = islaminusko
* judar = Jews = juutalaiset
* förföljelse = persecution = vaino
* PCIJ = PCIJ = PCIJ
* minoritetsgrupper = minority groups = vähemmistöryhmät
* terrorism = terrorism = terrorismi
* kommittén för de mänskliga rättigheterna = Human Rights Committee (UN) = ihmisoikeuskomitea
* krigsförbrytelser = war crimes = sotarikokset
* CEDAW Committee = CEDAW Committee = CEDAW Committee
* CERD Committee = CERD Committee = CERD Committee

NOTE (GENERAL): UDHR; Genocide convention; AMR; Framework convention for the protection of national minorities; ICCPR; ICESCR; CEDAW; CERD;

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of monograph series

Has civilian service become punitive in character since the changes to the terms of military service in Finland / Hannikainen, Lauri

REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT: Finnish yearbook of international law (FYBIL) : 1999 vol. X / Koskenniemi, M. (Ed.-in-chief), p. 463-468. - Hague : Kluwer Law , 2002. - ISSN 0786-6453

ISBN 90-411-1792-X

LANGUAGE: ENG

INDEX WORDS:
* civiltjänstgöring = conscientious objection = siviilipalvelus
* värnplikt = compulsory military service = asevelvollisuus
* Jehovas vittnen = Jehova's witnesses = Jehovan todistajat
* lagstiftning = legislation = lainsäädäntö
* kommittén för de mänskliga rättigheterna = Human Rights Committee (UN) = ihmisoikeuskomitea

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Finland

NOTE (GENERAL): ICCPR;

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph series

Corporate human rights obligations in search of accountability / Jägers, Nicola M. C. P. - (School of human rights research series ; vol. 17), xiv, 309 p.. - Antwerpen : Intersentia, 2002.

ISBN 90-5095-240-2

LANGUAGE: ENG

INDEX WORDS:
* kommittén för de mänskliga rättigheterna = Human Rights Committee (UN) = ihmisoikeuskomitea
* CESCR Committee = CESCR Committee = CESCR Committee
* CEDAW Committee = CEDAW Committee = CEDAW Committee
* WHO = WHO = WHO
* skälig levnadsstandard = adequate standard of living = riittävä elintaso
* föreningsfrihet = freedom of association = yhdistymisvapaus
* barnarbete = child labour = lapsityö
* medborgerliga och politiska rättigheter = civil and political rights = kansalaisoikeudet ja poliittiset oikeudet
* strafflag = criminal law = rikoslaki
* brott mot mänskligheten = crimes against humanity = rikos ihmisyyttä vastaan
* internationell sedvanerätt = customary international law = kansainvälinen tapaoikeus
* icke-diskriminering = non-discrimination = syrjintäkielto
* ekonomiska, sociala och kulturella rättigheter = economic, social and cultural rights = TSS-oikeudet
* rätt till undervisning = right to education = oikeus opetukseen
* effektiva rättsmedel = effective remedy = tehokas oikeussuojakeino
* jämlikhet = equality = tasa-arvo
* EU = EU = EU
* rättvis rättegång = fair trial = oikeudenmukainen oikeudenkäynti
* rätt till föda = right to food = oikeus ravintoon
* tvångsarbete = forced labour = pakkotyö
* hälsovård = health care = terveydenhoito
* judeförintelsen = holocaust = juutalaisvaino
* folkmord = genocide = kansanmurha
* globalisering = globalization = globalisaatio
* FN:s folkrättskommission = International Law Commission (ILC) = kansainvälisen oikeuden toimikunta
* peremptory norms = jus cogens = jus cogens
* rätt till en sund miljö = right to environmental quality = oikeus puhtaaseen ympäristöön
* rätt till liv = right to life = oikeus elämään
* rörelsefrihet = freedom of movement = liikkumisvapaus
* nationalitet = nationality = kansallisuus
* NIEO = NIEO = UKTJ
* NGO = NGO = NGO
* NAFTA = NAFTA = NAFTA
* yttrandefrihet = freedom of expression = ilmaisuvapaus
* OECD = OECD = OECD
* äganderätt = right to property = omistusoikeus
* PCIJ = pCIJ = PCIJ
* självbestämmanderätt = self-determination = itsemääräämisoikeus
* slaveri = slavery = orjuus
* tortyr = torture = kidutus
* fackföreningar = trade unions = ammattiyhdistykset
* krigsförbrytelser = war crimes = sotarikokset
* Världsbanken = World Bank = Maailmanpankki
* WTO = WTO = WTO
* rätt till arbete = right to work = oikeus työhön
* internationella tribunalen för krigsförbrytelser = international tribunal on war crimes (ICTY and ICTR) = kansainvälinen sotarikostuomioistuin
* internationella brottmålsdomstolen = international criminal court (ICC) = kansainvälinen rikostuomioistuin
* ILO = ILO = ILO

NOTE (GENERAL): Vienna convention on the law of treaties; Vienna declaration and programme of action; AMR; ICCPR; CEDAW; CERD; Genocide convention; ICESCR; ESC; ECHR; ILO declaration on fundamental principles at work; ILO tripartite declaration of principles concerning multinational enterprises and social policy;

URL http://www.intersentia.be/English/series.shtml#4

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph series

Towards a right to cultural identity / Donders, Yvonne - (School of human rights research series ; vol. 15), xvii, 404 p.. - Antwerpen : Intersentia, 2002.

ISBN 90-5095-238-0

LANGUAGE: ENG

INDEX WORDS:
* urinvånare = aborigines = alkuasukkaat
* autonomi = autonomy = autonomia
* medborgarskap = citizenship = kansalaisuus
* medborgerliga och politiska rättigheter = civil and political rights = kansalaisoikeudet ja poliittiset oikeudet
* kollektiva rättigheter = collective rights = kollektiiviset oikeudet
* CESCR Committee = CESCR Committee = CESCR Committee
* CERD Committee = CERD Committee = CERD Committee
* Europarådet = Council of Europe = Euroopan neuvosto
* rätt till utveckling = right to development = oikeus kehitykseen
* människovärde = human dignity = ihmisarvo
* diskriminering = discrimination = syrjintä
* rätt till undervisning = right to education = oikeus opetukseen
* jämlikhet = equality = tasa-arvo
* etniska grupper = ethnic groups = etniset ryhmät
* etniska minoriteter = ethnic minorities = etniset vähemmistöt
* familjerättigheter = family rights = perheoikeudet
* europeiska domstolen för de mänskliga rättigheterna = European Court of Human Rights = Euroopan ihmisoikeustuomioistuin
* kvinnlig omskärelse = female circumcision = naisten ympärileikkaus
* folkmord = genocide = kansanmurha
* globalisering = globalization = globalisaatio
* rätt till bostad = right to housing = oikeus asuntoon
* romer = Roma = romanit
* kommittén för de mänskliga rättigheterna = Human Rights Committee (UN) = ihmisoikeuskomitea
* invandrare = immigrants = maahanmuuttajat
* urfolk = indigenous peoples = alkuperäiskansat
* ICJ = ICJ = ICJ
* muslimer = Muslims = muslimit
* prövningsmarginal = margin of appreciation = harkintamarginaali
* OAU = OAU = OAU
* OSSE = OSCE = ETYJ
* rätt att deltaga = right to participate = oikeus osallistua
* politiska partier = political parties = poliittiset puolueet
* rasdiskriminering = racial discrimination = rotusyrjintä
* flyktingar = refugees = pakolaiset
* ILO = ILO = ILO
* rätt till undervisning = right to education = oikeus opetukseen
* yttrandefrihet = freedom of expression = ilmaisuvapaus
* NGO = NGO = NGO
* rättsfall/rättspraxis = cases/case law = oikeustapaukset/oikeuskäytäntö
* landrättigheter = land ownership rights = maanomistusoikeus
* språkliga rättigheter = linguistic rights = kielelliset oikeudet
* icke-diskriminering = non-discrimination = syrjintäkielto
* minoritetsgrupper = minority groups = vähemmistöryhmät
* självbestämmanderätt = self-determination = itsemääräämisoikeus
* rapporter = state reports = raportit
* yttrandefrihet = freedom of expression = ilmaisuvapaus
* rätt till liv = right to life = oikeus elämään
* romer = Roma = romanit
* samer = Sami = saamelaiset
* självstyrelse = self-government = itsehallinto
* suveränitet = sovereignty = suvereniteetti
* specialrapportör = special rapporteur = erityisraportoija
* stammar = tribes = heimot
* UNESCO = UNESCO = UNESCO
* utsatta grupper = vulnerable groups = riskialttiit ryhmät
* PCIJ = PCIJ = PCIJ
* kulturell identitet = cultural identity = kulttuuri-identiteetti

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Australia / Norway / Sweden / Austria / Brazil / Bulgaria / Canada / Chile / Colombia / France / Mexico / Namibia / Paraguay / Poland / Finland / Romania / Turkey / United Kingdom

LOCAL GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Quebec

NOTE (GENERAL): CERD; ECHR; ICCPR; ICESCR: AMR; Vienna convention on the law of treaties; UDHR; Genocide convention; Declaration on the right to development; Declaration on the rights of minorities; Draft declaration on the rights of indigenous peoples; European charter on regional and minority languages; ESC; Framework convention for the protection of national minorities; Convention on indigenous and tribal populations (ILO convention no. 107); Convention concerning indigenous and tribal peoples in independent countries (ILO convention no. 169); Limburg principles on economic, social and cultural rights; ICCPR-OP; Protocol of San Salvador;

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

Human rights in Chinese foreign relations defining and defending national interests : defining and defending national interests / Wan, Ming, 192 p.. - Philadelphia : University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001.

ISBN 0-8122-3597-5

LANGUAGE: ENG

ABSTRACT: CONTENTS:. 1. Introduction. 2. Chinese views of human rights. 3. Human rights and Sino-U.S.relations. 4. Human rights and Sino-European relations. 5. Human rights and Sino-Japanese relations. 6. Human rights and Sino-Un relations. 7. Conclusion.

INDEX WORDS:
* rasism = racism = rasismi
* mänskliga rättigheter = human rights = ihmisoikeudet
* diplomati = diplomacy = diplomatia
* internationell handel = international trade = kansainvälinen kauppa
* sexslavar = sex slaves = seksiorjat
* NGO = NGO = NGO
* ICRC = ICRC = ICRC
* kommittén för de mänskliga rättigheterna = Human Rights Committee (UN) = ihmisoikeuskomitea
* Världsbanken = World Bank = maailmanpankki
* WTO = WTO = WTO

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Japan / Asia / Australia / Austria / Bangladesh / Hong Kong / Cambodia / Canada / Denmark / Egypt / Ethiopia / France / Netherlands / India / Indonesia / Luxembourg / Malaysia / Myanmar / Norway / Pakistan / Portugal / Serbia / Yugoslavia / Singapore / South Africa / Spain / Sri Lanka / Sweden / Syria / Taiwan / Thailand / Tibet / Turkey / Ukraine

NOTE (GENERAL): CAT; CEDAW; Refugee convention; ICESCR; CERD; Genocide convention;

URL http://www.upenn.edu/pennpress/book/13504.html

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of a serial

Avoiding the international spotlight : Australia, indigenous rights and the United Nations treaty bodies / Marks, Greg

REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT (Periodica): Human rights law review : vol. 2; no. 1., p. 19-57. - Nottingham : University of Nottingham. Human rights Law Centre. School of Law, 2002. - ISSN 1461-7781

LANGUAGE: ENG

INDEX WORDS:
* CERD Committee = CERD Committee = CERD Committee
* kommittén för de mänskliga rättigheterna = Human Rights Committee (UN) = ihmisoikeuskomitea
* CESCR Committee = CESCR Committee = CESCR Committee
* urfolk = indigenous peoples = alkuperäiskansat
* CERD Committee = CERD Committee = CERD Committee
* kommittén för de mänskliga rättigheterna = Human Rights Committee (UN) = ihmisoikeuskomitea
* CESCR Committee = CESCR Committee = CESCR Committee
* rapporter = state reports = raportit
* självbestämmanderätt = self-determination = itsemääräämisoikeus
* CEDAW Committee = CEDAW Committee = CEDAW Committee
* urinvånare = aborigines = alkuasukkaat
* landrättigheter = land ownership rights = maanomistusoikeus

NOTE (GENERAL): CERD; ICESCR; ICCPR; CERD; CEDAW; Convention concerning the indigenous and tribal peoples in independent countries;

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of a serial

Is there a right not to be poor / Skogly, Sigrun I.

REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT (Periodica): Human rights law review : vol. 2; no. 1., p. 59-80. - Nottingham : University of Nottingham. Human rights Law Centre. School of Law, 2002. - ISSN 1461-7781

LANGUAGE: ENG

INDEX WORDS:
* fattigdom = poverty = köyhyys
* rätt till undervisning = right to education = oikeus opetukseen
* rätt till utveckling = right to development = oikeus kehitykseen
* rätt att deltaga = right to participate = oikeus osallistua
* icke-diskriminering = non-discrimination = syrjintäkielto
* NGO = NGO = NGO
* kommittén för de mänskliga rättigheterna = Human Rights Committee (UN) = ihmisoikeuskomitea
* CESCR Committee = CESCR Committee = CESCR Committee

NOTE (GENERAL): UDHR; Declaration on poverty and human rights; ICESCR; Declaration on the right to development; CRC; ACHPR;

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of a serial

Human Rights Committee : general comment 29 / Joseph, Sarah

REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT (Periodica): Human rights law review : vol. 2; no. 1., p. 81-98. - Nottingham : University of Nottingham. Human rights Law Centre. School of Law, 2002. - ISSN 1461-7781

LANGUAGE: ENG

INDEX WORDS:
* kommittén för de mänskliga rättigheterna = Human Rights Committee (UN) = ihmisoikeuskomitea
* inskränkningar = derogations = poikkeukset
* undantagstillstånd = state of emergency = hätätila
* terrorism = terrorism = terrorismi
* NATO = NATO = NATO
* icke-diskriminering = non-discrimination = syrjintäkielto
* ovillkorliga rättigheter = non-derogable rights = ehdottomat oikeudet
* allmänna ordningen = public order = yleinen järjestys

NOTE (GENERAL): ICCPR-4; The statute of the ICC;

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of a serial

Decriminalising consensual heterosexual conduct outside marriage : the women's under international human rights law / Zilli, Livio

REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT (Periodica): Netherlands quarterly of human rights : vol. 20; no. 3., p. 299-314. - Churchillaan : Intersentia, 2002.

LANGUAGE: ENG

INDEX WORDS:
* kvinnor = women = naiset
* dödsstraff = death penalty = kuolemanrangaistus
* kroppsaga = corporal punishment = ruumiillinen kuritus
* sexuell orientering = sexual orientation = seksuaalinen suuntautuminen
* strafflag = criminal law = rikoslaki
* specialrapportör (tortyr) = special rapporteur (torture) = erityisraportoija (kidutus)
* kommittén för de mänskliga rättigheterna = Human Rights Committee (UN) = ihmisoikeuskomitea
* internationella brottmålsdomstolen = international criminal court (ICC) = kansainvälinen rikostuomioistuin
* rätt till privatliv = right to privacy = oikeus yksityiselämään

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Congo / Equatorial Guinea / Haiti / Lebanon / Madagascar / Morocco / Turkey / Yemen

NOTE (GENERAL): UDHR-12; CEDAW; The statute of the ICC; ICESCR,

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of a serial

New challenges to the regime of reservations under the international covenant on civil and political rights / Korkelia, Konstantin

REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT (Periodica): European journal of international law (EJIL) = Journal europeen de droit international : vol. 13; no. 2., p. 437-478. - Oxford : Oxford U. P., 2002. - ISSN 0938-5428

LANGUAGE: ENG

INDEX WORDS:
* reservationer = reservations = varaumat
* kommittén för de mänskliga rättigheterna = Human Rights Committee (UN) = ihmisoikeuskomitea

NOTE (GENERAL): ICCPR; ECHR; GC-24 (HRC)

URL http://www3.oup.co.uk/ejilaw/hdb/Volume_13/Issue_02/130437.sgm.abs.html
URL (full text)

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of a serial

The Mapuche-Pehuenche and the Ralco Dam on the Biobio river : the challenge of protecting indigenous land rights / Nesti, Lorenzo

REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT (Periodica): International journal on minority and group rights : vol. 9; no. 1., p. 1-40. - Hague : Kluwer Law, 2002. - ISSN 1385-4879

LANGUAGE: ENG

INDEX WORDS:
* urfolk = indigenous peoples = alkuperäiskansat
* landrättigheter = land ownership rights = maanomistusoikeus
* miljöskydd = environmental protection = ympäristönsuojelu
* Världsbanken = World Bank = Maailmanpankki
* kommittén för de mänskliga rättigheterna = Human Rights Committee (UN) = ihmisoikeuskomitea
* rättsfall/rättspraxis = cases/case law = oikeustapaukset/oikeuskäytäntö

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: China / Nicaragua / Colombia / Guatemala / Bolivia / Suriname / Paraguay

NOTE (GENERAL): Convention concerning the indigeous and tribal peoples in independent countries (ILO convention no. 169); AMR; ICCPR-27; Inter-American declaration and the duties of man;

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: unpublished document

Reform of the United Nations human rights treaty body system seen from the developing country perspective / Niemi, Heli ; Scheinin, Martin, x, 78 p.. - Åbo/Turku : Åbo Akademi University. Institute for Human Rights, 2002.

LANGUAGE: ENG

INDEX WORDS:
* rapporter = state reports = raportit
* u-länder = developing countries = kehitysmaat
* individuella klagomål = individual complaints = yksilövalitus
* implementering = implementation = toteuttaminen
* UNDP = UNDP = UNDP
* UNICEF = UNICEF = UNICEF
* UNHCR = UNHCR = UNHCR
* OECD = OECD = OECD
* NGO = NGO = NGO
* OAS = OAS = OAS
* ILO = ILO = ILO
* högkommissarie för mänskliga rättigheter = High Commissioner for Human Rights = ihmisoikeusvaltuutettu
* mänskliga rättigheter = human rights = ihmisoikeudet
* brott mot mänskliga rättigheter = human rights violations = ihmisoikeusloukkaukset
* kommittén för de mänskliga rättigheterna = Human Rights Committee (UN) = ihmisoikeuskomitea
* CERD Committee = CERD Committee = CERD Committee
* gästarbetare = migrant workers = vierastyöläiset
* ratificering = ratification = ratifiointi
* författning/grundlag = constitution = perustuslaki/valtiosääntö

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Brazil / Colombia / Jamaica / Mexico / Egypt / Senegal / South Africa / Zambia / India / Iran / Philippines / Zambia / South africa

NOTE (GENERAL): CAT; ICCPR; CEDAW; CEDAW-OP; CERD; ICESCR; CRC; ICCPR-OP; AMR; Migrant workers convention; The Statute of the ICC;

LIBRARY LOCATION: IMR

SHELF CODE: IMR:s rapporter

URL http://www.abo.fi/instut/imr/norfa/heli-martin.pdf

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: unpublished document

The right to reparation of victims of racial discrimination in human rights law / Myntti, Kristian, 30 p.. - Åbo/Turku : Åbo Akademi University. Institute for Human Rights, 2002.

LANGUAGE: ENG

INDEX WORDS:
* rasdiskriminering = racial discrimination = rotusyrjintä
* FN:s folkrättskommission = International Law Commission (ILC) = kansainvälisen oikeuden toimikunta
* PCIJ = PCIJ = PCIJ
* internationella brottmålsdomstolen = international criminal court (ICC) = kansainvälinen rikostuomioistuin
* diskriminering = discrimination = syrjintä
* CERD Committee = CERD Committee = CERD Committee
* affirmative action = affirmative action = affirmative action
* kommittén för de mänskliga rättigheterna = Human Rights Committee (UN) = ihmisoikeuskomitea
* skadestånd = compensation = vahingonkorvaus

NOTE (GENERAL): CEDAW; The statute of the ICC; CERD-6; ICCPR-2; ECHR; ICCPR-OP; ECHR-14;

LIBRARY LOCATION: IMR

SHELF CODE: IMR/Reports

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph series

Statehood and the law of self-determination / Raic, David - (Developments in international law ; vovl. 43), xviii, 495 p.. - Hague : Kluwer Law, 2002.

ISBN 90-411-1890-X

LANGUAGE: ENG

ABSTRACT: Introduction. PART I: Statehood. CHAPTER 1. The Concepts of `Subject of Law' and `Personality' in International Law. CHAPTER 2. The State as an International Legal Person. CHAPTER 3. The Traditional Criteria for Statehood and the Concept of Effectiveness. CHAPTER 4. The Obligation of Non-Recognition and Additional Criteria for Statehood Based on Legality. PART II: Self-Determination. CHAPTER 5. The Emergence and Development of the Principle of Self-Determinations: From the American and French Revolutions to the Era of Decolonization. CHAPTER 6. The Post-Colonial Era: Internal and External Self-Determination. CHAPTER 7. Secession. PART III: Statehood and Self-Determination. CHAPTER 8. The Formation of States and the Operation of the Law of Self-Determination. Bibl iography.

INDEX WORDS:
* ESK/KSSE = CSCE = ETYK
* Europarådet = Council of Europe = Euroopan Neuvosto
* EG = EC = EY
* PCIJ = PCIJ = PCIJ
* NATO = NATO = NATO
* OSSE = OSCE = ETYJ
* UNESCO = UNESCO = UNESCO
* WEU = WEU = WEU
* autonomi = autonomy = autonomia
* internationell sedvanerätt = customary international law = kansainvälinen tapaoikeus
* diskriminering = discrimination = syrjintä
* etniska grupper = ethnic groups = etniset ryhmät
* självbestämmanderätt = self-determination = itsemääräämisoikeus
* mänskliga rättigheter = human rights = ihmisoikeudet
* kommittén för de mänskliga rättigheterna = Human Rights Committee (UN) = ihmisoikeuskomitea
* erga omnes = erga omnes = erga omnes
* FN:s folkrättskommission = International Law Commission (ILC) = kansainvälisen oikeuden toimikunta
* urfolk = indigenous peoples = alkuperäiskansat
* kurder = Kurds = kurdit
* minoritetsgrupper = minority groups = vähemmistöryhmät
* nationalitet = nationality = kansallisuus
* folkomröstning = referendum = kansanäänestys
* suveränitet = sovereignty = suvereniteetti

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Finland / Algeria / Albania / Angola / Armenia / Austria / Bangladesh / Bosnia-Herzegovina / Burma / Congo / Costa Rica / Croatia / Czechoslovakia / Pakistan / Egypt / Eritrea / Estonia / Ethiopia / Finland / Georgia / Germany / Indonesia / India / Iraq / Israel / Italy / Kuwait / Latvia / Liechtenstein / Lithuania / Malaysia / Macedonia / Moldova / Monaco / Nambia / Nortrhern Ireland / Pakistan / Papua New Guinea / Quebec / Rhodesia / Slovenia / Somalia / South Africa / USSR / Sudan / Syria / Taiwan / Turkey / Ukraine / USA / Wales / Yugoslavia / Zambia

LOCAL GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Aaland Islands Gibraltar Kosovo Scotland

NOTE (GENERAL): ACHPR; CERD; ECHR; ICESCR; Friendly relations declaration; ICCPR; GC (ICCPR-1-25-27);

URL http://www.wkap.nl/prod/b/90-411-1890-X

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph series

Human rights universality and diversity / Brems, Eva - (International studeis in human rights ; vol. 66), xv, 574 p.. - Hague : Kluwer Law, 2001.

ISBN 90-411-1618-4

LANGUAGE: ENG

ABSTRACT: CONTENTS:. PART ONE: Human Rights and the Universality Principle. I. Universality Concepts. II. Brief History of the Universality of Human Rights. PART TWO: An Analysis of Non-Western Human Rights Claims. I. Introduction. II. Asian Human Rights Claims. III. African Human Rights Views. IV. Islam and Human Rights Views. V. Some Common Conclusions. Part Three: Inclusive universality. I. Introduction. II. Upholding the Ideal of the Universality of Human Rights. III. Necessary Consequences of the Universality of Human Rights: Toward Inclusive Universality. IV. Further Marking Out Inclusive Universality. V. Summing Up. PART FOUR: Legal Techniques for the Accommodation of Diversity. I. Introduction. II. Flexibility. III. Transformation. IV. Conclusion on Legal Techniques for the Accommodation of Diversity. General Conclusion. Bibliography. Index.

INDEX WORDS:
* absoluta rättigheter och friheter = absolute rights and freedoms = ehdottomat oikeudet ja vapaudet
* rätt till domstolsprövning = access to court = oikeus tuomioistuinmenettelyyn
* afrikanska kommissionen för människans och folkens rättigheter = African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights = Afrikan ihmisoikeustoimikunta
* AIDS = AIDS = AIDS
* kolonialism = colonialism = kolonialismi
* föreningsfrihet = freedom of association = yhdistymisvapaus
* församlingsfrihet = freedom of assembly = kokoontumisvapaus
* barnarbete = child labour = lapsityö
* barn = children = lapset
* kollektiva rättigheter = collective rights = kollektiiviset oikeudet
* CESCR Committee = CESCR Committee = CESCR Committee
* CEDAW Committee = CEDAW Committee = CEDAW Committee
* CRC Committee = CRC Committee = CRC Committee
* klagomål/besvär = complaints = valitus
* kulturella rättigheter = cultural rights = sivistykselliset oikeudet
* kroppsaga = corporal punishment = ruumiillinen kuritus
* dödsstraff = death penalty = kuolemanrangaistus
* demokratisering = democratization = demokratisointi
* frihetsberövande = deprivation of liberty = vapaudenriisto
* ovillkorliga rättigheter = non-derogable rights = ehdottomat oikeudet
* ekonomisk utveckling = economic development = taloudellinen kehitys
* handikappade = disabled persons = vammaiset
* diskriminering = discrimination = syrjintä
* skilsmässa = divorce = avioero
* staternas förpliktelser = obligations of states = valtioiden velvollisuudet
* verkställande = enforcement = voimaansaattaminen
* jämlikhet = equality = tasa-arvo
* etniska grupper = ethnic groups = etniset ryhmät
* europeiska domstolen för de mänskliga rättigheterna = European Court of Human Rights = Euroopan ihmisoikeustuomioistuin
* EU = EU = EU
* rättvis rättegång = fair trial = oikeudenmukainen oikeudenkäynti
* kvinnlig könsstympning = female genital mutilation (FGM) = naisten sukupuolielinten silpominen
* tvångsarbete = forced labour = pakkotyö
* yttrandefrihet = freedom of expression = ilmaisuvapaus
* religionsfrihet = freedom of religion = uskonnonvapaus
* islam = Islam = islaminusko
* fundamentalism = fundamentalism = fundamentalismi
* grova brott mot mänskliga rättigheter = gross violations of human rights = törkeät ihmisoikeusloukkaukset
* god förvaltning = good governance = hyvä hallinto
* hälsovård = health care = terveydenhoito
* homosexualitet = homosexuality = homoseksuaalisuus
* människovärde = human dignity = ihmisarvo
* humanitär hjälp = humanitarian aid = humanitaarinen apu
* kommittén för de mänskliga rättigheterna = Human Rights Committee (UN) = ihmisoikeuskomitea
* AIDS = AIDS = AIDS
* implementering = implementation = toteuttaminen
* urfolk = indigenous peoples = alkuperäiskansat
* ILO = ILO = ILO
* tolkning = interpretation = tulkinta
* rätt till liv = right to life = oikeus elämään
* prövningsmarginal = margin of appreciation = harkintamarginaali
* filosofi = philosophy = filosofia
* äktenskap = marriage = avioliitto
* minoritetsgrupper = minority groups = vähemmistöryhmät
* NIEO = NIEO = UKTJ
* NGO = NGO = NGO
* non-state actors = non-state actors = non-state actors
* OECD = OECD = OECD
* politiska rättigheter = political rights = poliittiset oikeudet
* politiska partier = political parties = poliittiset puolueet
* pornografi = pornography = pornografia
* rätt till privatliv = right to privacy = oikeus yksityiselämään
* allmänna ordningen = public order = yleinen järjestys
* rasism = racism = rasismi
* reservationer = reservations = varaumat
* rätt till utveckling = right to development = oikeus kehitykseen
* rätt till undervisning = right to education = oikeus opetukseen
* rätt till fred = right to peace = oikeus rauhaan
* rättsstatsprincip = rule of law = oikeusvaltioperiaate
* självbestämmanderätt = self-determination = itsemääräämisoikeus
* sexuellt utnyttjande = sexual abuse = seksuaalinen hyväksikäyttö
* slaveri = slavery = orjuus
* suveränitet = sovereignty = suvereniteetti
* tortyr = torture = kidutus
* fackföreningar = trade unions = ammattiyhdistykset

NOTE (GENERAL): ACHPR; African charter on the rights and welfare of the child (ACRWC); AMR; ADRD; Bangkok declaration; Beijing declaration and platform for action; Cairo declaration on human rights in Islam; Charter of economic rights and duties of states; CEDAW; CRC; Declaration on the right to development; Declaration on the rights of minorities; ECHR; ESC; Framework convention for the protection of national minorities; Geneva conventions; CERD; ICESCR; Magna Charta; Rio declaration; UDHR; Universal Islamic declaration of human rights; Tunis declaration; UN charter; Vienna convention on the law of treaties; Virginian declaration of rights;

URL http://www.wkap.nl/prod/b/90-411-1618-4

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

An introduction to international institutional law / Klabbers, Jan, xxxviii, 399 p.. - Cambridge : Cambridge U. P., 2002.

ISBN 0-521-52093-2

LANGUAGE: ENG

ABSTRACT: CONTENTS:. 1. Introduction. 2. The rise of international organizations. 3. The legal position of international organizations. 4. The foundations of powers of organizations. 5. International organizations and the law of treaties. 6. Issues of membership. 7. Financing. 8. Privileges and immunities. 9. Institutional structures. 10. Legal instruments. 11. Decision-making and judicial review. 12. Dispute settlement. 13. Treaty-making by international organizations. 14. Issues of responsibility. 15. Dissolution and succession. 16. Concluding remarks: re-appraising international organizations.

INDEX WORDS:
* rådgivande yttrande = advisory opinion = neuvoa-antava mielipide
* aggression = aggression = aggressio
* jordbruk = agriculture = maanviljely
* rättsfall/rättspraxis = cases/case law = oikeustapaukset/oikeuskäytäntö
* kemiska vapen = chemical weapons = kemialliset aseet
* kollektiv säkerhet = collective security = kollektiivinen turvallisuus
* CAT Committee = CAT Committee = CAT Committee
* CEDAW Committee = CEDAW Committee = CEDAW Committee
* CERD Committee = CERD Committee = CERD Committee
* CRC Committee = CRC Committee = CRC Committee
* ESK/KSSE = CSCE = ETYK
* författning/grundlag = constitution = perustuslaki/valtiosääntö
* ECJ = ECJ = ECJ
* internationell sedvanerätt = customary international law = kansainvälinen tapaoikeus
* demokrati = democracy = demokratia
* utvecklingssamarbete = development co-operation = kehitysyhteistyö
* diskriminering = discrimination = syrjintä
* fredlig lösning av tvister = dispute settlement = riitaisuuksien rauhanomainen selvittäminen
* nationell rätt = national law = kansallinen oikeus
* sysselsättning = employment = työllisyys
* verkställande = enforcement = voimaansaattaminen
* europeiska domstolen för de mänskliga rättigheterna = European Court of Human Rights = Euroopan ihmisoikeustuomioistuin
* EU = EU = EU
* EFTA = EFTA = EFTA
* fact-finding missions = fact-finding missions = fact-finding missions
* FAO = FAO = FAO
* GATT/WTO = GATT/WTO = GATT/WTO
* folkmord = genocide = kansanmurha
* mänskliga rättigheter = human rights = ihmisoikeudet
* ICJ = ICJ = ICJ
* internationella tribunalen för krigsförbrytelser = international tribunal on war crimes (ICTY) = kansainvälinen sotarikostuomioistuin
* ILO = ILO = ILO
* jus cogens = peremptory norms = peremptory norms
* NATO = NATO = NATO
* OAU = OAU = OAU
* OSSE = OSCE = ETYJ
* sanktioner = sanctions = pakotteet
* soft law = soft law = soft law
* suveränitet = sovereignty = suvereniteetti
* statssuccession = state succession = valtioseuraanto
* kommittén för de mänskliga rättigheterna = Human Rights Committee (UN) = ihmisoikeuskomitea
* rösträtt = right to vote = äänioikeus
* Världsbanken = World Bank = Maailmanpankki
* WEU = WEU = WEU
* WHO = WHO = WHO
* PCIJ = PCIJ = PCIJ
* nationella domstolar = national courts = kansalliset tuomioistuimet
* internationella brottmålsdomstolen = international criminal court (ICC) = kansainvälinen rikostuomioistuin
* IMF = IMF = IMF
* OECD = OECD = OECD
* UNCTAD = UNCTAD = UNCTAD
* UNESCO = UNESCO = UNESCO

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Argentina / Austria / Belgium / Canada / Denmark / Egypt / France / Germany / Guatemala / Italy / Madagascar / Netherlands / Nigeria / Philippines / South Africa / Switzerland / United Kingdom / USA

NOTE (GENERAL): UDHR; Un charter; TEU;

URL http://books.cambridge.org/0521520932.htm

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: unpublished document

Globalisation and the human rights of women / Frostell, Katarina, 90 p.. - Åbo/Turku : Åbo Akademi University. Institute for Human Rights, 2002.

LANGUAGE: ENG

INDEX WORDS:
* kvinnor = women = naiset
* globalisering = globalization = globalisaatio
* sysselsättning = employment = työllisyys
* jämlikhet = equality = tasa-arvo
* jämlik behandling = equal treatment = tasa-arvoinen kohtelu
* statens förpliktelser = obligations of states = valtioiden velvollisuudet
* kvinnohandel = trafficking in women = naiskauppa
* fattigdom = poverty = köyhyys
* mänskliga rättigheter = human rights = ihmisoikeudet
* ekonomiska, sociala och kulturella rättigheter = economic, social and cultural rights = TSS-oikeudet
* icke-diskriminering = non-discrimination = syrjintäkielto
* rätt att deltaga = right to participate = oikeus osallistua
* Europarådet = Council of Europe = Euroopan Neuvosto
* IMF = IMF = IMF
* ILO = ILO = ILO
* NGO = NGO = NGO
* OAS = OAS = OAS
* UNDP = UNDP = UNDP
* UNICEF = UNICEF = UNICEF
* Världsbanken = World Bank = Maailmanpankki
* WTO = WTO = WTO
* kommittén för de mänskliga rättigheterna = Human Rights Committee (UN) = ihmisoikeuskomitea
* CESCR Committee = CESCR Committee = CESCR Committee
* CEDAW Committee = CEDAW Committee = CEDAW COmmittee
* ILO = ILO = ILO
* rätt till lika lön för lika arbete = equal remuneration = oikeus samaan palkkaan samasta työstä
* socialskydd = social security = sosiaaliturva
* förlossning = child birth = synnytys
* arbetsförhållanden = working conditions = työolosuhteet

NOTE (GENERAL): ICCPR; CEDAW; CERD; ICESCR; ECHR; Vienna declaration and programme of action; Tiivistelmä suomeksi

LIBRARY LOCATION: IMR/VIB

SHELF CODE: rapporter

URL http://www.abo.fi/instut/imr/norfa/kati.pdf

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

Ihmisoikeudet maailmassa ja EU:n politiikka 2001 / Wuori, Matti, 141 p.. - Bryssel : Euroopan parlamentin vihreät, 2002.

LANGUAGE: FIN

ABSTRACT: SISÄLLYS:. 1. Ihmisoikeudet tässä ajassa. 2. Euroopan parlamentin vuosittain mietintö : ihmisoikeudet maailmassa vuonna 2000 ja Euroopan unionin ihmisoikeuspolitiikka (A5-01093/2001) a) päätöslauselmaesitys b) perustelut 3. Euroopan komission palaute. 4. Komission tiedonanto neuvostolle ja Euroopan parlamentille : Euroopan unionin tehtävä ihmisoikeuksien ja demokratisoitumisen edistämisesä kolmansissa maissa (KOM(2001) 252 lopullinen)

INDEX WORDS:
* EU = EU = EU
* kommittén för de mänskliga rättigheterna = Human Rights Committee (UN) = ihmisoikeuskomitea
* ECJ = ECJ = ECJ
* europeiska domstolen för de mänskliga rättigheterna = European Court of Human Rights = Euroopan ihmisoikeustuomioistuin
* yttrandefrihet = freedom of expression = ilmaisuvapaus
* mänskliga rättigheter = human rights = ihmisoikeudet
* minoritetsgrupper = minority groups = vähemmistöryhmät
* romer = Roma = romanit
* Europarådet = Council of Europe = Euroopan Neuvosto
* diskriminering = discrimination = syrjintä
* globalisering = globalization = globalisaatio

NOTE (GENERAL): EU charter of fundamental rights; ECHR; Worst forms of child labour (ILO convention no. 182);

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

International law as an open system : selected essays / Crawford, James, 607 p.. - London : Cameron May, 2002.

ISBN 1-874698-14-7

LANGUAGE: ENG

ABSTRACT: CONTENTS:. I. The international law system II. States, governments and peoples. III. International responsibility. IV. Law reform, national and international

INDEX WORDS:
* ICJ = ICJ = ICJ
* PCIJ = PCIJ = PCIJ
* rättsfall/rättspraxis = cases/case law = oikeustapaukset/oikeuskäytäntö
* statsansvar = state responsibility = valtiovastuu
* EU = EU = EU
* WTO = WTO = WTO
* internationella brottmålsdomstolen = international criminal court (ICC) = kansainvälinen rikostuomioistuin
* Europarådet = Council of Europe = Euroopan Neuvosto
* statssuccession = state succession = valtioseuraanto
* kommittén för de mänskliga rättigheterna = Human Rights Committee (UN) = ihmisoikeuskomitea
* OAS = OAS = OAS
* medborgerliga och politiska rättigheter = civil and political rights = kansalaisoikeudet ja poliittiset oikeudet
* medborgarskap = citizenship = kansalaisuus

NOTE (GENERAL): ICCPR-25; ACHPR; UN charter; TEU; Vienna convention on the law of treaties; Draft articles on state responsibility; OAS charter;

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph series

A guide to the rights of minorities and language / Varennes, Fernand de - ( COLPI paper ; no. 4), 122 p.. - Budapest : The Open Society, 2001.

ISBN 963-7316-84-1

LANGUAGE: ENG

INDEX WORDS:
* minoritetsgrupper = minority groups = vähemmistöryhmät
* rätt att använda sitt eget språk = right to use one's own language = oikeus käyttää omaa kieltään
* mänskliga rättigheter = human rights = ihmisoikeudet
* massmedia = mass media = joukkotiedotus
* europeiska domstolen för de mänskliga rättigheterna = European Court of Human Rights = Euroopan ihmisoikeustuomioistuin
* kommittén för de mänskliga rättigheterna = Human Rights Committee (UN) = ihmisoikeuskomitea
* HCNM = HCNM = HCNM

NOTE (GENERAL): Framework convention for the protection of national minoroities; European charter for regional or minority languages; Hague recommendations; Oslo recommendations; Copenhagen document; GC-23 (ICCPR-27);

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of a serial

The silver anniversary of the UN Human Rights Committee : is there anything to celebrate? / Haki, Murat Metin

REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT (Periodica): The international journal of human rights : vol. 6; no. 3., p. 85-102. - London : Frank Cass, 2002. - ISSN 1364-2987

LANGUAGE: ENG

INDEX WORDS:
* kommittén för de mänskliga rättigheterna = Human Rights Committee (UN) = ihmisoikeuskomitea
* rättsfall/rättspraxis = cases/case law = oikeustapaukset/oikeuskäytäntö
* rapporter = reports = raportit

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of a serial

A culture of impunity : applying international human rights law to the United Nations in East Timor / Bongiorno, Carla

REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT (Periodica): Columbia human rights law review : vol. 33; no. 2., p. 623-692. - New York : Colombia University School of Law, 2002. - ISSN 0090-7944

LANGUAGE: ENG

INDEX WORDS:
* urfolk = indigenous peoples = alkuperäiskansat
* straffrihet = impunity = rankaisemattomuus
* kommittén för de mänskliga rättigheterna = Human Rights Committee (UN) = ihmisoikeuskomitea
* sedvanerätt = customary law = tapaoikeus
* internationell humanitär rätt = international humanitarian law = kansainvälinen humanitaarinen oikeus
* högkommissarie för mänskliga rättigheter = HCHR = ihmisoikeusvaltuutettu
* fredsbevarande styrkor = peace-keeping forces = rauhanturvajoukot

NOTE (GENERAL): ICCPR; ICESCR; ICCPR-OP; UN charter;

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of a serial

Political autonomy and integration of authority : the understanding of Saami self-determination / Brodertstad, Else Grete

REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT (Periodica): International journal on minority and group rights : Special issue on Sami rights in Finland, Norway, Russia and Sweden : vol. 8; nos. 2-3., p. 151-175. - Hague : Kluwer Law, 2001. - ISSN 1358-4879

LANGUAGE: ENG

INDEX WORDS:
* autonomi = autonomy = autonomia
* självbestämmanderätt = self-determination = itsemääräämisoikeus
* samer = Sami = saamelaiset
* urfolk = indigenous peoples = alkuperäiskansat
* jämlikhet = equality = tasa-arvo
* kommittén för de mänskliga rättigheterna = Human Rights Committee (UN) = ihmisoikeuskomitea

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Norway / Finland / Sweden

NOTE (GENERAL): Convention concerning the indigenous and tribal peoples (ILO convention no. 169); ICCPR-1;

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

Refugee protection in international law : UNHCR's global consultations on international protection / Feller, Erika (ed.) ; Türk, Volker ; Nicholson, Frances, lix, 717 p.. - Cambridge : Cambridge U.P., 2003.

ISBN 0-521-53281-7

LANGUAGE: ENG

ABSTRACT: CONTENTS:. PART I : I. Introduction: 1. International refugee protection today, by Volker Türk and Frances Nicholson. 2. Age and gender dimensions in international refugee law, by Alice Edwards. 3. Declaration of the Ministerial Meeting of States Parties to the 1951 Convention and/or 1967 Protocol, Geneva, December 2001. PART II. Non-Refoulement (article 33 of the 1951 Convention): 4. The scope and content of the Principle of Non-Refoulement, Opinion, by Eli Lauterpacht and Daniel Bethlehem. 5. Summary conclusions - The Principle of Non-Refoulement. PART III. Illegal Entry (Article 31): 6. Article 31 of the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees: Non-penalization, detention and protection, by Guy S. Goodwin-Gill. 7. Summary conclusions - Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. PART IV: Membership of a Particular Social Group (article 1A(2)): 8. Protected characteristics and social perceptions: an analysis of the meaning of ‘membership of a particular social group’, by Alex Aleinikoff. 9. Summary conclusions - membership of a particular social group. PART V: Gender-Related Persecution (article 1A(2)): 10. Gender-Related Persecution, by Rodger Haines QC; 11. Summary conclusions - gender-related persecution. PART VI. Internal Protection/Relocation/Flight Alternative: 12. Internal protection/relocation/flight alternative as an aspect of refugee status determination, by James Hathaway. 13. Summary conclusions - internal protection/relocation/flight alternative; PART VII. Exclusion (article 1F): 14. Current issues in the application of the exclusion clauses, by Geoff Gilbert. 15. Summary conclusions - exclusion from refugee status. PART VIII. Cessation (article 1C); 16. Cessation of refugee protection, by Joan Fitzpatrick and Rafael Bonoan. 17. Summary conclusions - cessation of Refugee Status. PART IX. Family Unity (Final Act, 1951 UN Conference). 18. Family unity and refuge protection, by Kathleen Newland and Kate Jastram. 19. Summary conclusions - family unity; Part X. Supervisory Responsibility (article 35): 20. Supervising the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees: 21. Article 35 and beyond, by Walter Kälin. 22. Summary conclusions - supervisory responsibility; Index.

INDEX WORDS:
* rådgivande yttrande = advisory opinion = neuvoa-antava mielipide
* affirmative action = affirmative action = affirmative action
* OAU = OAU = OAU
* icke-diskriminering = non-discrimination = syrjintäkielto
* väpnad konflikt = armed conflict = aseellinen selkkaus
* utsatta grupper = vulnerable groups = riskialttiit ryhmät
* asyl = asylum = turvapaikka
* barn = children = lapset
* avvisning = non-refoulement principle = palautuskielto
* flyktingar = refugees = pakolaiset
* UNHCR = UNHCR = UNHCR
* deporterade personer = deported persons = karkotetut henkilöt
* klagomål/besvär = complaints = valitus
* Europarådet = Council of Europe = Euroopan Neuvosto
* internationell sedvanerätt = customary international law = kansainvälinen tapaoikeus
* dödsstraff = death penalty = kuolemanrangaistus
* tolkning = interpretation = tulkinta
* handikappade = disabled persons = vammaiset
* diskriminering = discrimination = syrjintä
* mänskliga rättigheter = human rights = ihmisoikeudet
* diplomatiskt skydd = diplomatic protection = diplomaattinen suoja
* familjevåld = domestic violence = perheväkivalta
* kvinnohandel = trafficking in women = naiskauppa
* rätt till undervisning = right to education = oikeus opetukseen
* familjeplanering = family planning = perhesuunnittelu
* utlämning = extradition = luovuttaminen
* utvisning = expulsion = maastakarkotus
* familjeåterförening = family reunification = perheen yhdistäminen
* sexuell orientering = sexual orientation = seksuaalinen suuntautuminen
* sexuellt utnyttjande = sexual abuse = seksuaalinen hyväksikäyttö
* statslösa personer = stateless persons = valtiottomat henkilöt
* rapporter = reports = raportit
* tillfälligt skydd = temporary protection = tilapäinen suojelu
* terrorism = terrorism = terrorismi
* tortyr = torture = kidutus
* prostitution = prostitution = prostituutio
* UNHCR = UNHCR = UNHCR
* ensamkommande barn = unaccompanied children = ilman saattajia tulevat lapset
* förföljelse = persecution = vaino
* ovillkorliga rättigheter = non-derogable rights = ehdottomat oikeudet
* krigsförbrytelser = war crimes = sotarikokset
* främlingshat = xenophobia = muukalaisviha
* kvinnor = women = naiset
* internationella brottmålsdomstolen = international criminal court (ICC) = kansainvälinen rikostuomioistuin
* internationella tribunalen för krigsförbrytelser = international tribunal on war crimes (ICTY and ICTR) = kansainvälinen sotarikostuomioistuin
* straffrihet = impunity = rankaisemattomuus
* offer = victims = uhrit
* ECJ = ECJ = ECJ
* EU = EU = EU
* CESCR Committee = CESCR Committee = CESCR Committee
* CRC Committee = CRC Committee = CRC Committee
* CERD Committee = CERD Committee = CERD Committee
* kvinnlig könsstympning = female genital mutilation (FGM) = naisten sukupuolielinten silpominen
* civila aktörer = non-state actors = non-state actors
* rörelsefrihet = freedom of movement = liikkumisvapaus
* internationell humanitär rätt = international humanitarian law = kansainvälinen humanitaarinen oikeus
* kommittén för de mänskliga rättigheterna = Human Rights Committee (UN) = ihmisoikeuskomitea

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Afghanistan / Africa / Albania / ALgeria / Angola / Australia / Austria / Belgium / Belarus / Bolivia / Bosnia-Herzegovina / Cambodia / Canada / Caucasus / Chile / China / Denmark / Luxembourg / Italy / France / Greece / Germany / Finland / Netherlands / New Zealand / Eritrea / Ethiopia / Ghana / Haiti / Guatemala / India / Islam / Italy / Lesotho / Liberia / mali / Malawi / Mexico / Mozambique / New Zealand / Nigeria / Nicaragua / Norway / Pakistan / Peru / Poland / Romania / Slovakia / Sudan / United Kingdom / USA / Former Yugoslavia / Zimbabwe

NOTE (GENERAL): Vienna convention on the law of treaties; DEDAW; CEDAW; CDE; ECHR; ICCPR; Refugee convention; CAT;

URL http://titles.cambridge.org/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521825741

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

Skydd av mänskliga rättigheter : det interamerikanska systemet / Kirilova Eriksson, Maja. - 3. uppl.., 367 p.. - Uppsala : Iustus förlag, 2002.

ISBN 91-7678-472-X

LANGUAGE: SWE

ABSTRACT: INNEHÅLL:. 1. Det inter-amerikanska systemet för skydd av de mänskliga rättigheterna. 2. Den amerikanska konventionen om de mänskliga rättigheterna. 3. Den interamerikanska kommissionen för mänskliga rättigheter. 4. Den interamerikanska domstolen för mänskliga rättigheter. 5. Slutord.

INDEX WORDS:
* interamerikanska kommissionen för de mänskliga rättigheterna = Inter-American Commission on Human Rights = Inter-amerikkalainen ihmisoikeustoimikunta
* ICJ = ICJ = ICJ
* kommittén för de mänskliga rättigheterna = Human Rights Committee (UN) = ihmisoikeuskomitea
* OAS = OAS = OAS
* ESK/KSSE = CSCE = ETYK
* ILO = ILO = ILO
* NGO = NGO = NGO
* mänskliga rättigheter = human rights = ihmisoikeudet
* actio popularis = actio popularis = actio popularis
* asyl = asylum = turvapaikka
* diskriminering = discrimination = syrjintä
* ekonomiska, sociala och kulturella rättigheter = economic, social and cultural rights = TSS-oikeudet
* diktatur = dictatorship = diktatuuri
* EU = EU = EU
* europeiska domstolen för de mänskliga rättigheterna = European Court of Human Rights = Euroopan ihmisoikeustuomioistuin
* Europarådet = Council of Europe = Euroopan Neuvosto
* dödsstraff = death penalty = kuolemanrangaistus
* frihetsberövande = deprivation of liberty = vapaudenriisto
* ofrivilliga försvinnanden = enforced disappearances = pakotettu katoaminen
* individuella klagomål = individual complaints = yksilövalitus
* jus cogens = peremptory norms = peremptory norms
* rätt till liv = right to life = oikeus elämään
* inspektion på platsen = on-site inspection = paikan päällä tapahtuva tarkastus
* rådgivande yttrande = advisory opinion = neuvoa-antava mielipide
* tortyr = torture = kidutus
* kvinnor = women = naiset
* yttrandefrihet = freedom of expression = ilmaisuvapaus
* äganderätt = right to property = omistusoikeus
* rättvis rättegång = fair trial = oikeudenmukainen oikeudenkäynti
* utlänningar = aliens/non-citizens = ulkomaalaiset

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: South America / Latin America / North America

NOTE (GENERAL): UN charter; ICCPR; AMR; Vienna declaration and programme of action; UDHR; European charter for regional or minority language; Framework convention for the protection of national minorities; OAS charter; ADRD;

URL http://www.iustus.se/main.html

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph series

The competing jurisdictions of international courts and tribunals / Shany, Yuval, lxix, 348 p.. - Oxford : Oxford U.P., 2003.

ISBN 0-19-925857-0

LANGUAGE: ENG

ABSTRACT: CONTENTS:. INTRODUCTION:. 1. International law at a time of tarnsformation: the proliferation of international courts and tribunals. 2. Methodology. 3. Scope of research. 4. Focal questions. PART I: OVERLAPS BETWEEN THE JURISDICTIONS OF INTERNATIONAL COURTS AND TRIBUNALS. 1. What constitutes competing proceedings? 2. Delineation of jurisdictional overlaps : theory and practice. PART II : LEGAL AND POLICY ISSUES CONCERNING THE COPMPETITION BETWEEN THE JURISDICTIONS OF INTERNATIONAL COURTS AND TRIBUNALS. 3. Jurisdictional competition in view of the systematic nature of international courts and tribunals. 4. Jurisdiction-regulating norms governing competition involving domestic courts : should they be introduced into international law? PART III: THE LAW GOVERNING COMPETITION BETWEEN THE JURISDICTIONS OF INTERNATIONAL COURTS AND TRIBUNALS:LEX LATA AND LEX FERENDA. 5. Competition-regulating norms found in instruments governing the jurisdiction of international courts and tribunals. 6. Jurisdiction-regulating norms, derived from sources other than treaties, as applied by international courts and tribunals. 7. Possibilities for future improvement

INDEX WORDS:
* rättsfall/rättspraxis = cases/case law = oikeustapaukset/oikeuskäytäntö
* europeiska domstolen för de mänskliga rättigheterna = European Court of Human Rights = Euroopan ihmisoikeustuomioistuin
* ICJ = iCJ = ICJ
* ECJ = ECJ = ECJ
* PCIJ = PCIJ = PCIJ
* OSSE = OSCE = ETYJ
* OAS = OAS = OAS
* OAU = OAU = OAU
* NAFTA = NAFTA = NAFTA
* internationella tribunalen för krigsförbrytelser = international tribunal on war crimes (ICTY and ICTR) = kansainvälinen sotarikostuomioistuin
* interamerikanska domstolen för de mänskliga rättigheterna = Inter-American Court of Human Rights = inter-amerikkalainen ihmisoikeustuomioistuin
* IBRD = IBRD = IBRD
* nationell rätt = national law = kansallinen oikeus
* nationella domstolar = national courts = kansalliset tuomioistuimet
* WTO = WTO = WTO
* PCIJ = PCIJ = PCIJ
* CAT Committee = CAT Committee = CAT Committee
* CEDAW Committee = CEDAW Committee = CEDAW Committee
* internationella brottmålsdomstolen = international criminal court (ICC) = kansainvälinen rikostuomioistuin
* ILO = iLO = ILO
* OSSE = OSCE = ETYJ
* Världsbanken = World Bank = Maailmanpankki
* kommittén för de mänskliga rättigheterna = Human Rights Committee (UN) = ihmisoikeuskomitea
* havsrätten = maritime law = merioikeus

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: USA / United Kingdom / Germany / Netherlands

NOTE (GENERAL): ACHPR; AMR; CAT; CEDAW; CERD; ECHR; ICCPR; Convention on the law of the sea; ESC; Framework convention on climate change; CWC; Migrant workers convention; CAT;

URL http://www.oup.co.uk/isbn/0-19-925857-0

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

Human rights in international criminal proceedings / Zappala, Salvatore - ( Oxford monographs in international law), xxviii, 280 p.. - Oxford : Oxford U. P., 2003.

ISBN 0-19-925891-0

LANGUAGE: ENG

ABSTRACT: CONTENTS:. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION. I. A HUMAN RIGHTS APPROACH TO INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL procedure. II: THE EXTENSION OF THE NOTION OF FAIR TRIAL TO INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS. III: WHAT TYPE OF RELATIONSHIP EXISTS BETWEEN HUMAN RIGHTS MONITORING SYSTEMS AND INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURTS? IV: ACCUSATORIAL AND INQUISITORIAL ELEMENTS IN INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL PROCEDURE - TO WHAT EXTENT DO THEY IMPINGE UPON THE RIGHTS OF INDIVIDUALS?. CHAPTER 2: THE RIGHTS OF PERSONS DURING INVESTIGATIONS : I: THE INITIATION OF INVESTIGATIONS AND THE POWERS OF THE INVESTIGATIVE AUTHORITY. II: THE RIGHTS OF SUSPECTS IN INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS. CHAPTER 3: THE RIGHTS OF THE ACCUSED IN TRIAL PROCEEDINGS: I: THE PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCE. II: THE RIGHT TO BE JUDGED BY AN INDEPENDENT AND IMPARTIAL TRIBUNAL. III: THE RIGHT TO A 'FAIR AND EXPEDITIOUS TRIAL'. IV: RULES OF EVIDENCE AND RIGHTS OF THE ACCUSED - SOME PROBLEMATICAL ISSUES. CHAPTER 4: THE RIGHT OF THE ACCUSED TO APPEAL AND REVISION: I: GENERAL - THE RIGHTS OF APPEAL AND REVISION AS A MEANS FOR OBTAINING REDRESS (JUDICIAL AND NON-JUDICIAL REMEDIES). II: THE RIGHT OF THE ACCUSED TO APPEAL: FROM NUREMBERG AND TOKYO TO THE AD HOC TRIBUNALS AND THE ICC. III: THE RIGHT OF CONVICTED PERSONS TO REVISION. IV: CONCLUDING REMARKS. CHPATER 5 : PENALTIES, ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS AND THE RIGHTS OF CONVICTED PERSONS. I: THE MAJOR GOALS OF INTERNATIONAL PENALTIES AND THE LEGAL EXPECTATIONS OF CONVICTED PERSONS. II: THE ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS AND THE RIGHTS OF SENTENCED PERSONS. CHAPTER 6: THE POSITION OF PERSONS OTHER THAN THE ACCUSED: I: VICTIMS. II: WITNESSES. CHAPTER 7: CONCLUDING REMARKS: I: THE ROLE OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN INTERNATIONAL TRIALS: FROM NUREMBERG TO ROME. II: THE PROBLEM OF PROCEDURAL MODELS: THE NEED FOR A PRINCIPLED APPROACH TO PROCEDURE, DESIGNED TO ENHANCE RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS. III: RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IN INTERNATIONAL TRIALS: A FEW OUTSTANDING PROBLEMS. IV: SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVING HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION IN INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS

INDEX WORDS:
* internationell straffrätt = international criminal justice = kansainvälinen rikosoikeus
* internationella brottmålsdomstolen = international criminal court (ICC) = kansainvälinen rikostuomioistuin
* internationella tribunalen för krigsförbrytelser = international tribunal on war crimes (ICTY and ICTR) = kansainvälinen sotarikostuomioistuin
* jämlik behandling = equal treatment = tasa-arvoinen kohtelu
* verkställande = enforcement = voimaansaattaminen
* europeiska domstolen för de mänskliga rättigheterna = European Court of Human Rights = Euroopan ihmisoikeustuomioistuin
* rättvis rättegång = fair trial = oikeudenmukainen oikeudenkäynti
* offer = victims = uhrit
* vittnen = witnesses = todistajat
* skadestånd = compensation = vahingonkorvaus
* klagomål/besvär = complaints = valitus
* missaktning inför domstol = contempt of court = julkisen viranomaisen halventaminen
* omänsklig behandling eller bestraffning = inhuman treatment or punishment = epäinhimillinen kohtelu tai rangaistus
* folkmord = genocide = kansanmurha
* kommittén för de mänskliga rättigheterna = Human Rights Committee (UN) = ihmisoikeuskomitea

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: France / Germany / Russian Federation / Spain / Swaziland / Sweden / USA / Italy / Bosnia-Herzegovina / Austria / Netherlands / Norway

NOTE (GENERAL): ECHR; ICCPR; The statute of the ICC; Nuremberg charter; UDHR;

URL http://www.oup.co.uk/isbn/0-19-925891-0

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

The charter of the United Nations : a commentary / Simma, Bruno (ed.) ; in collab. with Hermann Mosler ... [et al.]. - 2. ed.., lxiv, 1405 p.. - Oxford : Oxford U. P., 2002.

ISBN 0-19-924449-9

LANGUAGE: ENG

ABSTRACT: CONTENTS:. Volume I: The Interpretation of the Cha rter. CHAPTER I : Purposes and Definitions. CHAPTER II: Membership. CHAPTER III : Organs. CHAPTER IV : The General Assembly. CHAPTER V : The Security Council. CHAPTER VI : Pacific Settlement of Disputes. CHAPTER VII : Action with Respect to Threats to the Peace, Breaches of the Peace, and Acts of Aggression. CHAPTER VIII : Regional Arrangements. Volume II :. CHAPTER IX : International Economic and Social Co-operation. CHAPTER X : The Economic and Social Council. CHAPTER XI : Declaration regarding Non-Self-Governing Territories. CHAPTER XII : International Trusteeship System: CHAPTER XIII : The Trusteeship Council. CHAPTER XIV : The International Court of Justice. CHAPTER XV : The Secretariat. CHAPTER XVI : Miscellaneous Provisions. CHAPTER XVII : Transitional Security Arrangements. CHAPTER XVIII : Amendments. CHAPTER XIX : Ratification and Signature Rules of Procedure of the General Assembly. Table of Cases Index

INDEX WORDS:
* aggression = aggression = aggressio
* ICJ = ICJ = ICJ
* rådgivande yttrande = advisory opinion = neuvoa-antava mielipide
* väpnade styrkor = armed forces = asevoimat
* tolkning = interpretation = tulkinta
* barn = children = lapset
* kollektiv säkerhet = collective security = kollektiivinen turvallisuus
* självförsvar = self-defence = itsepuolustus
* internationell sedvanerätt = customary international law = kansainvälinen tapaoikeus
* immunitet = immunity = koskemattomuus
* nedrustning = disarmament = aseidenriisunta
* diskriminering = discrimination = syrjintä
* val = elections = vaalit
* verkställande = enforcement = voimaansaattaminen
* utvisning = expulsion = maastakarkotus
* sysselsättning = employment = työllisyys
* folkmord = genocide = kansanmurha
* globalisering = globalization = globalisaatio
* humanitär hjälp = humanitarian aid = humanitaarinen apu
* kommittén för de mänskliga rättigheterna = Human Rights Committee (UN) = ihmisoikeuskomitea
* PCIJ = PCIJ = PCIJ
* IMF = IMF = IMF
* urfolk = indigenous peoples = alkuperäiskansat
* intern konflikt = internal conflict = sisäinen selkkaus
* tolkning = interpretation = tulkinta
* fred och säkerhet = peace and security = rauha ja turvallisuus
* islam = Islam = islaminusko
* sanktioner = sanctions = pakotteet
* minoritetsgrupper = minority groups = vähemmistöryhmät
* narkotika = drugs = huumeet
* NGO = nGO = NGO
* NATO = NATO = NATO
* icke-diskriminering = non-discrimination = syrjintäkielto
* OAS = OAS = OAS
* OAU = OAU = OAU
* fredsbevarande styrkor = peace-keeping forces = rauhanturvajoukot
* fredlig lösning av tvister = dispute settlement = riitaisuuksien rauhanomainen selvittäminen
* krigsfångar = prisoners of war = sotavangit
* prostitution = prostitution = prostituutio
* ratificering = ratification = ratifiointi
* ICRC = ICRC = ICRC
* Säkerhetsrådet = Security Council = Turvallisuusneuvosto
* självbestämmanderätt = self-determination = itsemääräämisoikeus
* suveränitet = sovereignty = suvereniteetti
* slaveri = slavery = orjuus
* självstyrelse = self-government = itsehallinto
* statslösa personer = stateless persons = valtiottomat henkilöt
* hållbar utveckling = sustainable development = kestävä kehitys
* terrorism = terrorism = terrorismi
* tortyr = torture = kidutus
* människohandel = trafficking in persons = ihmiskauppa
* handel med kvinnor = trafficking in women = naiskauppa
* barnhandel = child trafficking = lapsikauppa
* arbetslöshet = unemployment = työttömyys
* veto = veto = veto
* WHO = WHO = WHO
* kvinnor = women = naiset
* minoritetsgrupper = minority groups = vähemmistöryhmät
* internationella tribunalen för krigsförbrytelser = international tribunal on war crimes (ICTY and ICTR) = kansainvälinen sotarikostuomioistuin
* NF = LN = KL
* europeiska domstolen för de mänskliga rättigheterna = European Court of Human Rights = Euroopan ihmisoikeustuomioistuin
* nationell rätt = national law = kansallinen oikeus
* OSSE = OSCE = ETYJ
* IMF = IMF = IMF
* ILO = iLO = ILO

NOTE (GENERAL): UN charter; Covenant of League of Nations; CAT; CERD; ICESCR; CEDAW; ICCPR;

LIBRARY LOCATION: IMR

SHELF CODE: Inst.ref.